TY - JOUR
T1 - Viral infection and oral habits as risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma in Yemen
T2 - A case-control study
AU - Nasher, Akram T.
AU - Al-Hebshi, Nezar
AU - Al-Moayad, Ebtisam E.
AU - Suleiman, Ahmed M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2014/11/1
Y1 - 2014/11/1
N2 - Objective The role of qat chewing, tobacco (shammah) dipping, smoking, alcohol drinking, and oral viral infection as risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Yemen was assessed.Study Design A total of 60 cases of OSCC and 120 age- and gender-matched controls were analyzed with respect to demographic data, history of oral habits, and the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16, HPV-18, or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as determined by Taqman quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of the disease.Results Shammah use was the only risk factor for OSCC, with an odds ratio of 12.6 (CI, 3.3-48.2) and 39 (CI, 14-105) for the ex-users and current users, respectively. The association of shammah use alone with OSCC exceeded that of shammah use in combination with qat chewing, smoking, or both. EBV infection, smoking, and qat chewing showed no association with OSCC, while neither HPV-16 nor HPV-18 were detected in any sample.Conclusions Shammah use is a major risk factor for oral cancer in Yemen.
AB - Objective The role of qat chewing, tobacco (shammah) dipping, smoking, alcohol drinking, and oral viral infection as risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Yemen was assessed.Study Design A total of 60 cases of OSCC and 120 age- and gender-matched controls were analyzed with respect to demographic data, history of oral habits, and the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16, HPV-18, or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as determined by Taqman quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of the disease.Results Shammah use was the only risk factor for OSCC, with an odds ratio of 12.6 (CI, 3.3-48.2) and 39 (CI, 14-105) for the ex-users and current users, respectively. The association of shammah use alone with OSCC exceeded that of shammah use in combination with qat chewing, smoking, or both. EBV infection, smoking, and qat chewing showed no association with OSCC, while neither HPV-16 nor HPV-18 were detected in any sample.Conclusions Shammah use is a major risk factor for oral cancer in Yemen.
KW - Adult
KW - Aged
KW - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology
KW - Case-Control Studies
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Mouth Neoplasms/epidemiology
KW - Neoplasm Staging
KW - Papillomavirus Infections/complications
KW - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Smoking/adverse effects
KW - Tobacco, Smokeless/adverse effects
KW - Yemen/epidemiology
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84908191560&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=purepublist2023&SrcAuth=WosAPI&KeyUT=WOS:000345433300013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS
U2 - 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.08.005
DO - 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.08.005
M3 - Article
C2 - 25442493
SN - 2212-4403
VL - 118
SP - 566-572.e1
JO - Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology
JF - Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology
IS - 5
ER -