sFRP2 Supersedes VEGF as an age-related driver of angiogenesis in melanoma, affecting response to anti-VEGF therapy in older patients

Mitchell Fane, Brett L. Ecker, Amanpreet Kaur, Gloria E. Marino, Gretchen M. Alicea, Stephen M. Douglass, Yash Chhabra, Marie R. Webster, Andrea Marshall, Richard Colling, Olivia Espinosa, Nicholas Coupe, Neera Maroo, Leticia Campo, Mark Middleton, Pippa Corrie, Xiaowei Xu, Giorgos Karakousis, Ashani T. Weeraratna

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

17 Scopus citations

Abstract

Purpose: Angiogenesis is thought to be critical for tumor metastasis. However, inhibiting angiogenesis using antibodies such as bevacizumab (Avastin), has had little impact on melanoma patient survival. We have demonstrated that both angiogenesis and metastasis are increased in older individuals, and therefore sought to investigate whether there was an age-related difference in response to bevacizumab, and if so, what the underlying mechanism could be. Experimental Design: We analyzed data from the AVAST-M trial of 1,343 patients with melanoma treated with bevacizumab to determine whether there is an age-dependent response to bevacizumab. We also examined the age-dependent expression of VEGF and its cognate receptors in patients with melanoma, while using syngeneic melanoma animal models to target VEGF in young versus old mice. We also examined the age-related proangiogenic factor secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2) and whether it could modulate response to anti-VEGF therapy. Results: We show that older patients respond poorly to bevacizumab, whereas younger patients show improvement in both disease-free survival and overall survival. We find that targeting VEGF does not ablate angiogenesis in an aged mouse model, while sFRP2 promotes angiogenesis in vitro and in young mice. Targeting sFRP2 in aged mice successfully ablates angiogenesis, while the effects of targeting VEGF in young mice can be overcome by increasing sFRP2. Conclusions: VEGF is decreased during aging, thereby reducing response to bevacizumab. Despite the decrease in VEGF, angiogenesis is increased because of an increase in sFRP2 in the aged tumor microenvironment. These results stress the importance of considering age as a factor for designing targeted therapies.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)5709-5719
Number of pages11
JournalClinical Cancer Research
Volume26
Issue number21
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 1 2020

Keywords

  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Animals
  • Bevacizumab/administration & dosage
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Disease-Free Survival
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
  • Humans
  • Melanoma/drug therapy
  • Membrane Proteins/genetics
  • Mice
  • Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
  • Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics

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