TY - JOUR
T1 - Protease inhibitors
T2 - Part 4. Synthesis of weakly basic thrombin inhibitors incorporating pyridinium-sulfanilylaminoguanidine moieties
AU - Supuran, Claudiu T.
AU - Briganti, Fabrizio
AU - Scozzafava, Andrea
AU - Ilies, Marc A.
PY - 2000
Y1 - 2000
N2 - Three series of derivatives have been prepared by reaction of sulfanilylaminoguanidine with pyrylium salts, with the pyridinium derivatives of glycine and with the pyridinium derivatives of β-alanine, respectively. The new compounds were assayed as inhibitors of two serine proteases, thrombin and trypsin. The study showed that in contrast to the leads, possessing K(r)'s around 100-300 nM against thrombin, and 450-1420 nM against trypsin, respectively, the new derivatives showed inhibition constants in the range of 15-50 nM against thrombin, whereas their affinity for trypsin remained relatively low. Derivatives of β-alanine were more active than the corresponding glycine derivatives, which in turn were more inhibitory than the pyridinium derivatives of sulfanilylaminoguanidine possessing the same substitution pattern at the pyridinium ring. Thus, the present study proposes two novel approaches for the preparation of high affinity, specific thrombin inhibitors: a novel S1 anchoring moiety in the already large family of arginine/amidine-based inhibitors, i.e., the SO2NHNHC(=NH)NH2 group, and novel non-peptidomimetic scaffolds obtained by incorporating alkyl-/aryl-substituted-pyridinium moieties in the hydrophobic binding site(s). The first one is important for obtaining bioavailable thrombin inhibitors, devoid of the high basicity of the commonly used arginine/amidine-based inhibitors, whereas the second one may lead to improved water solubility of such compounds.
AB - Three series of derivatives have been prepared by reaction of sulfanilylaminoguanidine with pyrylium salts, with the pyridinium derivatives of glycine and with the pyridinium derivatives of β-alanine, respectively. The new compounds were assayed as inhibitors of two serine proteases, thrombin and trypsin. The study showed that in contrast to the leads, possessing K(r)'s around 100-300 nM against thrombin, and 450-1420 nM against trypsin, respectively, the new derivatives showed inhibition constants in the range of 15-50 nM against thrombin, whereas their affinity for trypsin remained relatively low. Derivatives of β-alanine were more active than the corresponding glycine derivatives, which in turn were more inhibitory than the pyridinium derivatives of sulfanilylaminoguanidine possessing the same substitution pattern at the pyridinium ring. Thus, the present study proposes two novel approaches for the preparation of high affinity, specific thrombin inhibitors: a novel S1 anchoring moiety in the already large family of arginine/amidine-based inhibitors, i.e., the SO2NHNHC(=NH)NH2 group, and novel non-peptidomimetic scaffolds obtained by incorporating alkyl-/aryl-substituted-pyridinium moieties in the hydrophobic binding site(s). The first one is important for obtaining bioavailable thrombin inhibitors, devoid of the high basicity of the commonly used arginine/amidine-based inhibitors, whereas the second one may lead to improved water solubility of such compounds.
KW - Non-basic thrombin inhibitor
KW - Pyridinium amino acid
KW - Pyridinium salts
KW - Sulfanilylaminoguanidine
KW - Thrombin
KW - Trypsin
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0033937742&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/14756360009040692
DO - 10.1080/14756360009040692
M3 - Article
C2 - 10995066
AN - SCOPUS:0033937742
SN - 8755-5093
VL - 15
SP - 335
EP - 356
JO - Journal of Enzyme Inhibition
JF - Journal of Enzyme Inhibition
IS - 4
ER -