Proprotein convertase inhibition results in decreased skin cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis

Daniel E. Bassi, Jirong Zhang, Jonathan Cenna, Samuel Litwin, Edna Cukierman, Andres J.P. Klein-Szanto

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

38 Scopus citations

Abstract

PACE4 is a proprotein convertase (PC) responsible for cleaving and activating proteins that contribute to enhance tumor progression. PACE4 overexpression significantly increased the susceptibility to carcinogenesis, leading to enhanced tumor cell proliferation and premature degradation of the basement membrane. In the present study, we sought to evaluate a novel approach to retard skin tumor progression based on the inhibition of PACE4. We used decanoyl-RVKR-chloromethylketone (CMK), a small-molecule PC inhibitor, for//? vitro and in vivo experiments. We found that CMK-dependent blockage of PACE4 activity in skin squamous cell carcinoma cell lines resulted in impaired insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor maturation, diminished its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, and decreased tumor cell proliferation. Two-stage skin chemical carcinogenesis experiments, together with topical applications of CMK, demonstrated that this PC inhibitor markedly reduced tumor incidence, tumor multiplicity, and metastasis, pointing to a significant delay in tumor progression in wild-type and PACE4 transgenic mice. These results identify PACE4, together with other PCs, as suitable targets to slow down or block tumor progression, suggesting that PC inhibition is a potential approach for therapy for solid tumors.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)516-526
Number of pages11
JournalNeoplasia
Volume12
Issue number7
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 2010

Keywords

  • Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones/pharmacology
  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Proliferation/drug effects
  • Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
  • Down-Regulation/drug effects
  • Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Mice, Transgenic
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Proprotein Convertases/antagonists & inhibitors
  • Skin Neoplasms/pathology
  • Skin/drug effects
  • Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

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