Parallel purification of three catalytic subunits of the protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2A family (PP2AC, PP4C, and PP6C) and analysis of the interaction of PP2AC with alpha4 protein

Susanne Kloeker, Robin Reed, Jamie L. McConnell, Dennis Chang, Kim Tran, Ryan S. Westphal, Brian K. Law, Roger J. Colbran, Malek Kamoun, Kerry S. Campbell, Brian E. Wadzinski

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

60 Scopus citations

Abstract

The protein serine/threonine phosphatase (PP) type 2A family consists of three members: PP2A, PP4, and PP6. Specific rabbit and sheep antibodies corresponding to each catalytic subunit, as well as a rabbit antibody recognizing all three subunits, were utilized to examine the expression of these enzymes in select rat tissue extracts. PP2A, PP4, and PP6 catalytic subunits (PP2AC, PP4C, and PP6C, respectively) were detected in all rat tissue extracts examined and exhibited some differences in their levels of expression. The expression of alpha4, an interacting protein for PP2A family members that may function downstream of the target of rapamycin (Tor), was also examined using specific alpha4 sheep antibodies. Like the phosphatase catalytic subunits, alpha4 was ubiquitously expressed with particularly high levels in the brain and thymus. All three PP2A family members, but not alpha4, bound to the phosphatase affinity resin microcystin-Sepharose. The phosphatase catalytic subunits were purified to apparent homogeneity (PP2AC and PP4C) or near homogeneity (PP6C) from bovine testes soluble extracts following ethanol precipitation and protein extraction. In contrast to PP2AC, PP4 C and PP6C exhibited relatively low phosphatase activity towards several substrates. Purified PP2AC and native PP2A in cellular extracts bound to GST-alpha4, and co-immunoprecipitated with endogenous alpha4 and ectopically expressed myc-tagged alpha4. The interaction of PP2AC with alpha4 was unaffected by rapamycin treatment of mammalian cells; however, protein serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitors such as okadaic acid and microcystin-LR disrupted the alpha4/PP2A complex. Together, these findings increase our understanding of the biochemistry of alpha4/phosphatase complexes and suggest that the alpha4 binding site within PP2A may include the phosphatase catalytic domain.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)19-33
Number of pages15
JournalProtein Expression and Purification
Volume31
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 1 2003

Keywords

  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
  • Animals
  • Anion Exchange Resins/chemistry
  • Antibodies/immunology
  • Antibody Specificity
  • Blotting, Western
  • Brain Chemistry
  • Brain/enzymology
  • COS Cells
  • Caseins/metabolism
  • Catalytic Domain
  • Cattle
  • Chlorocebus aethiops
  • Chromatography, Affinity
  • Cloning, Molecular
  • Ethers, Cyclic/pharmacology
  • Gene Expression
  • Glutathione Transferase/genetics
  • Histones/metabolism
  • Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • Liver/chemistry
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Microcystins
  • Molecular Chaperones
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Myocardium/chemistry
  • Okadaic Acid/pharmacology
  • Oxazoles/pharmacology
  • Peptides, Cyclic/chemistry
  • Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/genetics
  • Phosphoproteins/genetics
  • Phosphorylase a/metabolism
  • Phosphorylation
  • Precipitin Tests
  • Protein Binding/physiology
  • Protein Kinases/metabolism
  • Protein Phosphatase 2
  • Rats
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis
  • Resins, Synthetic
  • Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/metabolism
  • Sequence Alignment
  • Sequence Analysis, Protein
  • Sirolimus/pharmacology
  • Testis/chemistry
  • Thymus Gland/chemistry

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