Investigation of MR image distortion for radiotherapy treatment planning of prostate cancer

MR imaging based treatment planning for radiotherapy of prostate cancer is limited due to MR imaging system related geometrical distortions, especially for patients with large body sizes. On our 0.23 T open scanner equipped with the gradient distortion correction (GDC) software, the residual image distortions after the GDC were <5 mm within the central 36 cm × 36 cm area for a standard 48 cm field of view (FOV). In order to use MR imaging alone for treatment planning the effect of residual MR distortions on external patient contour determination, especially for the peripheral regions outside the 36 cm × 36 cm area, must be investigated and corrected. In this work, we performed phantom measurements to quantify MR system related residual geometric distortions after the GDC and the effective FOV. Our results show that for patients with larger lateral dimensions (>36 cm), the differences in patient external contours between distortion-free CT images and GDC-corrected MR images were 1-2 cm because of the combination of greater gradient distortion and loss of field homogeneity away from the isocentre and the uncertainties in patient setup during CT and MRI scans. The measured distortion maps were used to perform point-by-point corrections for patients with large dimensions inside the effective FOV. Using the point-by-point method, the geometrical distortion after the GDC were reduced to <3 mm for external contour determination and the effective FOV was expanded from 36 cm to 42 cm.