TY - JOUR
T1 - Intratumoral heterogeneity in cancer progression and response to immunotherapy
AU - Vitale, Ilio
AU - Shema, Efrat
AU - Loi, Sherene
AU - Galluzzi, Lorenzo
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, Springer Nature America, Inc.
PY - 2021/2
Y1 - 2021/2
N2 - Most (if not all) tumors emerge and progress under a strong evolutionary pressure imposed by trophic, metabolic, immunological, and therapeutic factors. The relative impact of these factors on tumor evolution changes over space and time, ultimately favoring the establishment of a neoplastic microenvironment that exhibits considerable genetic, phenotypic, and behavioral heterogeneity in all its components. Here, we discuss the main sources of intratumoral heterogeneity and its impact on the natural history of the disease, including sensitivity to treatment, as we delineate potential strategies to target such a detrimental feature of aggressive malignancies.
AB - Most (if not all) tumors emerge and progress under a strong evolutionary pressure imposed by trophic, metabolic, immunological, and therapeutic factors. The relative impact of these factors on tumor evolution changes over space and time, ultimately favoring the establishment of a neoplastic microenvironment that exhibits considerable genetic, phenotypic, and behavioral heterogeneity in all its components. Here, we discuss the main sources of intratumoral heterogeneity and its impact on the natural history of the disease, including sensitivity to treatment, as we delineate potential strategies to target such a detrimental feature of aggressive malignancies.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100708489&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41591-021-01233-9
DO - 10.1038/s41591-021-01233-9
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33574607
AN - SCOPUS:85100708489
SN - 1078-8956
VL - 27
SP - 212
EP - 224
JO - Nature Medicine
JF - Nature Medicine
IS - 2
ER -
