TY - JOUR
T1 - Inhibition of human glioma cell proliferation by altered Bax/Bcl-2-p53 expression and apoptosis induction by Rhaponticum carthamoides extracts from transformed and normal roots
AU - Skała, Ewa
AU - Sitarek, Przemysław
AU - Toma, Monika
AU - Szemraj, Janusz
AU - Radek, Maciej
AU - Nieborowska-Skorska, Malgorzata
AU - Skorski, Tomasz
AU - Wysokińska, Halina
AU - Śliwiński, Tomasz
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Royal Pharmaceutical Society
PY - 2016/11/1
Y1 - 2016/11/1
N2 - Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the cytotoxic effect and apoptotic activity of Rhaponticum carthamoides transformed root (TR) and root of soil-grown plant (NR) extracts in a human glioma primary cells. The effect of these root extracts on cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and expression levels of apoptosis-related genes (Bcl-2, Bax and p53) were also examined. Methods: Cytotoxic activity of root extracts was evaluated by MTT assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry. Expression levels of apoptosis-related gene were analysed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. ΔΨm was examined by the use of JC-1 reagent. Key findings: Rhaponticum carthamoides root extracts inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in human glioma cells. The root extracts were found to up-regulate the pro-apoptotic Bax protein and down-regulate the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, consequently increasing the ratios of Bax/Bcl-2 protein levels. Moreover, an increase of the p53 protein level and reduction of ΔΨm in glioma cells were observed after treatment with NR and TR extracts. Conclusion: The results of this study may offer a new insight into the potential anticancer activity of R. carthamoides root extracts.
AB - Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the cytotoxic effect and apoptotic activity of Rhaponticum carthamoides transformed root (TR) and root of soil-grown plant (NR) extracts in a human glioma primary cells. The effect of these root extracts on cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and expression levels of apoptosis-related genes (Bcl-2, Bax and p53) were also examined. Methods: Cytotoxic activity of root extracts was evaluated by MTT assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry. Expression levels of apoptosis-related gene were analysed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. ΔΨm was examined by the use of JC-1 reagent. Key findings: Rhaponticum carthamoides root extracts inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in human glioma cells. The root extracts were found to up-regulate the pro-apoptotic Bax protein and down-regulate the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, consequently increasing the ratios of Bax/Bcl-2 protein levels. Moreover, an increase of the p53 protein level and reduction of ΔΨm in glioma cells were observed after treatment with NR and TR extracts. Conclusion: The results of this study may offer a new insight into the potential anticancer activity of R. carthamoides root extracts.
KW - Bax
KW - Bcl-2 and p53 gene expressions
KW - Rhaponticum carthamoides
KW - apoptosis
KW - caffeic acid derivatives
KW - glioma primary cells
KW - mitochondrial membrane potential
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84990250365&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=purepublist2023&SrcAuth=WosAPI&KeyUT=WOS:000388313800013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS
U2 - 10.1111/jphp.12619
DO - 10.1111/jphp.12619
M3 - Article
C2 - 27696406
SN - 0022-3573
VL - 68
SP - 1454
EP - 1464
JO - Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
JF - Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
IS - 11
ER -