Infrared light utilized for photodynamic therapy by activation of rare earth phosphors for visible light generation

Joshua E. Collins; Thiru V. Lakshman; Jarod E. Finlay; Ajith Kumar; Howard Bell; Ba T. Nguyen; Valery Belov; Jun Luo; Joseph S. Friedberg

doi:10.1117/12.700252

Infrared light utilized for photodynamic therapy by activation of rare earth phosphors for visible light generation

Joshua E. Collins
, Thiru V. Lakshman
, Jarod E. Finlay
, Ajith Kumar
, Howard Bell
, Ba T. Nguyen
, Valery Belov
, Jun Luo
, Joseph S. Friedberg

Surgery

University of Pennsylvania

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment for cancer requiring activation of a photosensitizer for light-mediated tumor cytotoxicity. PDT is limited by tissue penetration because visible light is required for photosensitizer activation. Sunstones™ are rare-earth phosphors which up-convert energy from infrared wavelengths to emit higher energy in the visible spectrum. We utilized this unique characteristic to generate light of appropriate intensity and wavelength for photosensitizer activation and subsequent tumor cell eradication. Methods: Sunstones™ with infrared absorption at 808 and 980nm and visible two-photon emission at 549.9 and 663.1nm were used. A murine NSCLC line was used to determine in vitro toxicity of Sunstones™ and dose response curves for Sunstones™-mediated PDT. Human NSCLC cells were incubated with/without Photofrin™ (photosensitizer). Experimental groups included: Infrared light treatment (IR), IR+Photofrin™, IR+Sunstones™, and IR+Sunstones™ +Photofrin™. Groups were exposed to 2.5W of 808nm light and assayed for metabolic activity. Results: In vitro toxicity assays showed no significant toxicological side effects after 1 week incubation with Sunstones™ and demonstrated linear response in cytotoxicity as treatment times and infrared dose increased. IR+Sunstones™+Photofrin™ group showed significantly decreased metabolic activity compared to control cells, cells treated with IR+Sunstones™, and IR alone. Conclusion: Sunstones™ are nontoxic nanocrystals capable of activating photosensitizers for PDT. Future directions include conjugation of up-converters to a novel photosensitizer and managing the selective uptake of conjugate by tumor cells.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection
Subtitle of host publication	Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy XV
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.700252
State	Published - 2007
Event	Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy XVI - San Jose, CA, United States Duration: Jan 20 2007 → Jan 21 2007

Publication series

Name	Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE
Volume	6427
ISSN (Print)	1605-7422

Conference

Conference	Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy XVI
Country/Territory	United States
City	San Jose, CA
Period	01/20/07 → 01/21/07

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

Cancer
Infrared light
Photodynamic therapy
Photosensitizer
Rare earth phosphors
Up-converting phosphors

Access to Document

10.1117/12.700252

Cite this

Collins, J. E., Lakshman, T. V., Finlay, J. E., Kumar, A., Bell, H., Nguyen, B. T., Belov, V., Luo, J., & Friedberg, J. S. (2007). Infrared light utilized for photodynamic therapy by activation of rare earth phosphors for visible light generation. In Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy XV Article 642717 (Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE; Vol. 6427). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.700252

@inproceedings{e75c466a920a4d5ca089984ea5df6986,

title = "Infrared light utilized for photodynamic therapy by activation of rare earth phosphors for visible light generation",

abstract = "Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment for cancer requiring activation of a photosensitizer for light-mediated tumor cytotoxicity. PDT is limited by tissue penetration because visible light is required for photosensitizer activation. Sunstones{\texttrademark} are rare-earth phosphors which up-convert energy from infrared wavelengths to emit higher energy in the visible spectrum. We utilized this unique characteristic to generate light of appropriate intensity and wavelength for photosensitizer activation and subsequent tumor cell eradication. Methods: Sunstones{\texttrademark} with infrared absorption at 808 and 980nm and visible two-photon emission at 549.9 and 663.1nm were used. A murine NSCLC line was used to determine in vitro toxicity of Sunstones{\texttrademark} and dose response curves for Sunstones{\texttrademark}-mediated PDT. Human NSCLC cells were incubated with/without Photofrin{\texttrademark} (photosensitizer). Experimental groups included: Infrared light treatment (IR), IR+Photofrin{\texttrademark}, IR+Sunstones{\texttrademark}, and IR+Sunstones{\texttrademark} +Photofrin{\texttrademark}. Groups were exposed to 2.5W of 808nm light and assayed for metabolic activity. Results: In vitro toxicity assays showed no significant toxicological side effects after 1 week incubation with Sunstones{\texttrademark} and demonstrated linear response in cytotoxicity as treatment times and infrared dose increased. IR+Sunstones{\texttrademark}+Photofrin{\texttrademark} group showed significantly decreased metabolic activity compared to control cells, cells treated with IR+Sunstones{\texttrademark}, and IR alone. Conclusion: Sunstones{\texttrademark} are nontoxic nanocrystals capable of activating photosensitizers for PDT. Future directions include conjugation of up-converters to a novel photosensitizer and managing the selective uptake of conjugate by tumor cells.",

keywords = "Cancer, Infrared light, Photodynamic therapy, Photosensitizer, Rare earth phosphors, Up-converting phosphors",

author = "Collins, \{Joshua E.\} and Lakshman, \{Thiru V.\} and Finlay, \{Jarod E.\} and Ajith Kumar and Howard Bell and Nguyen, \{Ba T.\} and Valery Belov and Jun Luo and Friedberg, \{Joseph S.\}",

year = "2007",

doi = "10.1117/12.700252",

language = "English",

isbn = "0819465402",

series = "Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE",

booktitle = "Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection",

note = "Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy XVI ; Conference date: 20-01-2007 Through 21-01-2007",

}

Collins, JE, Lakshman, TV, Finlay, JE, Kumar, A, Bell, H, Nguyen, BT, Belov, V, Luo, J & Friedberg, JS 2007, Infrared light utilized for photodynamic therapy by activation of rare earth phosphors for visible light generation. in Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy XV., 642717, Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 6427, Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy XVI, San Jose, CA, United States, 01/20/07. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.700252

Infrared light utilized for photodynamic therapy by activation of rare earth phosphors for visible light generation. / Collins, Joshua E.; Lakshman, Thiru V.; Finlay, Jarod E. et al.
Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy XV. 2007. 642717 (Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE; Vol. 6427).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Infrared light utilized for photodynamic therapy by activation of rare earth phosphors for visible light generation

AU - Collins, Joshua E.

AU - Lakshman, Thiru V.

AU - Finlay, Jarod E.

AU - Kumar, Ajith

AU - Bell, Howard

AU - Nguyen, Ba T.

AU - Belov, Valery

AU - Luo, Jun

AU - Friedberg, Joseph S.

PY - 2007

Y1 - 2007

N2 - Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment for cancer requiring activation of a photosensitizer for light-mediated tumor cytotoxicity. PDT is limited by tissue penetration because visible light is required for photosensitizer activation. Sunstones™ are rare-earth phosphors which up-convert energy from infrared wavelengths to emit higher energy in the visible spectrum. We utilized this unique characteristic to generate light of appropriate intensity and wavelength for photosensitizer activation and subsequent tumor cell eradication. Methods: Sunstones™ with infrared absorption at 808 and 980nm and visible two-photon emission at 549.9 and 663.1nm were used. A murine NSCLC line was used to determine in vitro toxicity of Sunstones™ and dose response curves for Sunstones™-mediated PDT. Human NSCLC cells were incubated with/without Photofrin™ (photosensitizer). Experimental groups included: Infrared light treatment (IR), IR+Photofrin™, IR+Sunstones™, and IR+Sunstones™ +Photofrin™. Groups were exposed to 2.5W of 808nm light and assayed for metabolic activity. Results: In vitro toxicity assays showed no significant toxicological side effects after 1 week incubation with Sunstones™ and demonstrated linear response in cytotoxicity as treatment times and infrared dose increased. IR+Sunstones™+Photofrin™ group showed significantly decreased metabolic activity compared to control cells, cells treated with IR+Sunstones™, and IR alone. Conclusion: Sunstones™ are nontoxic nanocrystals capable of activating photosensitizers for PDT. Future directions include conjugation of up-converters to a novel photosensitizer and managing the selective uptake of conjugate by tumor cells.

AB - Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment for cancer requiring activation of a photosensitizer for light-mediated tumor cytotoxicity. PDT is limited by tissue penetration because visible light is required for photosensitizer activation. Sunstones™ are rare-earth phosphors which up-convert energy from infrared wavelengths to emit higher energy in the visible spectrum. We utilized this unique characteristic to generate light of appropriate intensity and wavelength for photosensitizer activation and subsequent tumor cell eradication. Methods: Sunstones™ with infrared absorption at 808 and 980nm and visible two-photon emission at 549.9 and 663.1nm were used. A murine NSCLC line was used to determine in vitro toxicity of Sunstones™ and dose response curves for Sunstones™-mediated PDT. Human NSCLC cells were incubated with/without Photofrin™ (photosensitizer). Experimental groups included: Infrared light treatment (IR), IR+Photofrin™, IR+Sunstones™, and IR+Sunstones™ +Photofrin™. Groups were exposed to 2.5W of 808nm light and assayed for metabolic activity. Results: In vitro toxicity assays showed no significant toxicological side effects after 1 week incubation with Sunstones™ and demonstrated linear response in cytotoxicity as treatment times and infrared dose increased. IR+Sunstones™+Photofrin™ group showed significantly decreased metabolic activity compared to control cells, cells treated with IR+Sunstones™, and IR alone. Conclusion: Sunstones™ are nontoxic nanocrystals capable of activating photosensitizers for PDT. Future directions include conjugation of up-converters to a novel photosensitizer and managing the selective uptake of conjugate by tumor cells.

KW - Cancer

KW - Infrared light

KW - Photodynamic therapy

KW - Photosensitizer

KW - Rare earth phosphors

KW - Up-converting phosphors

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/34548253958

U2 - 10.1117/12.700252

DO - 10.1117/12.700252

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:34548253958

SN - 0819465402

SN - 9780819465405

T3 - Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE

BT - Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection

T2 - Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy XVI

Y2 - 20 January 2007 through 21 January 2007

ER -

Collins JE, Lakshman TV, Finlay JE, Kumar A, Bell H, Nguyen BT et al. Infrared light utilized for photodynamic therapy by activation of rare earth phosphors for visible light generation. In Optical Methods for Tumor Treatment and Detection: Mechanisms and Techniques in Photodynamic Therapy XV. 2007. 642717. (Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE). doi: 10.1117/12.700252

Infrared light utilized for photodynamic therapy by activation of rare earth phosphors for visible light generation

Abstract

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UN SDGs

Keywords

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