TY - JOUR
T1 - Dose-escalated irradiation and overall survival in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer
AU - Kalbasi, Anusha
AU - Li, Jiaqi
AU - Berman, Abigail T.
AU - Swisher-McClure, Samuel
AU - Smaldone, Marc
AU - Uzzo, Robert G.
AU - Small, Dylan S.
AU - Mitra, Nandita
AU - Bekelman, Justin E.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2015 American Medical Association.
PY - 2015/10
Y1 - 2015/10
N2 - IMPORTANCE In 5 published randomized clinical trials, dose-escalated external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for prostate cancer resulted in improved biochemical and local control. However, scarce evidence addresses whether dose escalation improves overall survival. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between dose-escalated EBRT and overall survival among men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a retrospective, nonrandomized comparative effectiveness study of dose-escalated vs standard-dose EBRT for prostate cancer diagnosed from 2004 to 2006 using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), which includes data from patients treated at Commission on Cancer-accredited community, academic, and comprehensive cancer facilities. Three cohorts were evaluated: men with low-risk (n = 12 229), intermediate-risk (n = 16 714), or high-risk (n = 13 538) prostate cancer. EXPOSURES We categorized patients in each risk cohort into 2 treatment groups: standard-dose (from 68.4 Gy to <75.6 Gy) or dose-escalated (≥75.6 Gy to 90 Gy) EBRT (1 Gy = 100 rad). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We compared overall survival between treatment groups in each analytic cohort using Cox proportional hazard models with an inverse probability weighted propensity score (IPW-PS) approach. In secondary analyses, we evaluated dose response for survival. RESULTS Dose-escalated EBRT was associated with improved survival in the intermediate-risk (IPW-PS adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.84; 95%CI, 0.80-0.88; P < .001) and high-risk groups (HR, 0.82; 95%CI, 0.78-0.85; P < .001) but not the low-risk group (HR, 0.98; 95%CI, 0.92-1.05; P = .54). For every incremental increase of about 2 Gy in dose, there was a 7.8%(95%CI, 5.4%-10.2%; P < .001) and 6.3%(95%CI, 3.3%-9.1%; P < .001) reduction in the hazard of death for intermediate- and high-risk patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Dose-escalated EBRT is associated with improved overall survival in men with intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer but not low-risk prostate cancer. These results add to the evidence questioning aggressive local treatment strategies in men with low-risk prostate cancer but supporting such treatment in men with greater disease severity.
AB - IMPORTANCE In 5 published randomized clinical trials, dose-escalated external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for prostate cancer resulted in improved biochemical and local control. However, scarce evidence addresses whether dose escalation improves overall survival. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between dose-escalated EBRT and overall survival among men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a retrospective, nonrandomized comparative effectiveness study of dose-escalated vs standard-dose EBRT for prostate cancer diagnosed from 2004 to 2006 using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), which includes data from patients treated at Commission on Cancer-accredited community, academic, and comprehensive cancer facilities. Three cohorts were evaluated: men with low-risk (n = 12 229), intermediate-risk (n = 16 714), or high-risk (n = 13 538) prostate cancer. EXPOSURES We categorized patients in each risk cohort into 2 treatment groups: standard-dose (from 68.4 Gy to <75.6 Gy) or dose-escalated (≥75.6 Gy to 90 Gy) EBRT (1 Gy = 100 rad). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We compared overall survival between treatment groups in each analytic cohort using Cox proportional hazard models with an inverse probability weighted propensity score (IPW-PS) approach. In secondary analyses, we evaluated dose response for survival. RESULTS Dose-escalated EBRT was associated with improved survival in the intermediate-risk (IPW-PS adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.84; 95%CI, 0.80-0.88; P < .001) and high-risk groups (HR, 0.82; 95%CI, 0.78-0.85; P < .001) but not the low-risk group (HR, 0.98; 95%CI, 0.92-1.05; P = .54). For every incremental increase of about 2 Gy in dose, there was a 7.8%(95%CI, 5.4%-10.2%; P < .001) and 6.3%(95%CI, 3.3%-9.1%; P < .001) reduction in the hazard of death for intermediate- and high-risk patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Dose-escalated EBRT is associated with improved overall survival in men with intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer but not low-risk prostate cancer. These results add to the evidence questioning aggressive local treatment strategies in men with low-risk prostate cancer but supporting such treatment in men with greater disease severity.
KW - Comparative Effectiveness Research
KW - Databases, Factual
KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Multivariate Analysis
KW - Propensity Score
KW - Proportional Hazards Models
KW - Prostatic Neoplasms/mortality
KW - Radiotherapy Dosage
KW - Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/adverse effects
KW - Retrospective Studies
KW - Risk Assessment
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Time Factors
KW - Treatment Outcome
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84965091423&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.2316
DO - 10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.2316
M3 - Article
C2 - 26181727
SN - 2374-2437
VL - 1
SP - 897
EP - 906
JO - JAMA Oncology
JF - JAMA Oncology
IS - 7
ER -