Cerebrovascular accidents

Post stroke urinary incontinence (PSI) is a relatively common occurrence after a stroke, or cerebrovascular accident. The most common pattern of micturition disturbance immediately following a stroke is urinary retention proceeded by resolution or the development of urge urinary incontinence (Lee et al., Neurourol Urodyn 36:136-141, 2017). The majority of patients with PSI demonstrate urodynamic evidence of detrusor overactivity (DO) (Pettersen and Wyller, J Am Geriatr Soc 54:1878-1884, 2006). The diagnosis of the underlying cause of the urinary incontinence may guide clinicians to apply the most efficient management strategies, particularly when conservative therapies have failed (Abrams et al., Neurourol Urodyn 29:213-240, 2010). Compared to patients who are continent after a stroke, the development of urinary incontinence following a stroke is associated with an overall poorer prognosis with increased morbidity and mortality (Patel et al., Stroke 32:122-127, 2001).