Abstract

The emergence of immunotherapy has dramatically changed how non–small cell lung cancer is treated, and longer survival is now possible for some patients, even those with advanced disease. Although some patients achieve durable responses to checkpoint blockade, not all experience such benefits, and some suffer from significant immunotoxicities. Given this, biomarkers that predict response to therapy are essential, and testing for tumor programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1) expression is the current standard. The extent of PD-L1 expression determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has demonstrated a correlation with treatment response, although limitations with this marker exist. Recently, tumor mutational burden has emerged as an alternative biomarker, and studies have demonstrated its utility, irrespective of the PD-L1 level of a tumor. Gene expression signatures, tumor genotype (such as the presence of an oncogenic driver mutation), as well as the density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment also seem to affect response to immunotherapy and are being researched. Peripheral serum markers are being studied, and some have demonstrated predictive ability, although most are still investigational and need prospective validation. In the current article, the authors review the biomarker PD-L1 as well as other emerging and investigational tissue-based and serum-based markers that have potential to better predict responders to immunotherapy.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)260-270
Number of pages11
JournalCancer
Volume126
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 15 2020

Keywords

  • Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
  • B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
  • Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
  • Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/blood
  • Drug Monitoring/methods
  • Gene Expression Profiling
  • Humans
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Liquid Biopsy/methods
  • Lung Neoplasms/blood
  • Lung/drug effects
  • Mutation Rate
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects

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