An Essential Role for Type 1 Interferon-γ in Terminating Persistent Viral Infection

The mechanism(s) by which infectious material is cleared by the host is an area of intensive study. This is especially so with the realization that persistent viral infection is a cause of chronic disease in humans and presents a major health problem. We have used the murine model of infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus to evaluate immune clearance. Mice with a targeted disruption of the IFN-γ gene mount effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses after an acute viral challenge and clear virus. CD4⁺ T cells are not required but CD8⁺ T cells are mandatory. In contrast, CTL from mice with targeted disruption of the IFN-γ gene are unable to clear virus from persistently infected mice. In addition to the requirement for IFN-γ, CD4⁺ T cells are essential for maintaining a CDB⁺-mediated cure of persistent viral infection.